2.01% At 1h
1h relative permeability rises to 2.01%.
At 2%, the route reaches 10.35% and 120μm by 12h.
NOVA
More efficient delivery, more visible efficacy, and greater safety confidence
10.35%
12h relative permeability
1h relative permeability rises to 2.01%.
12h relative permeability reaches 10.35%.
Maximum depth rises from 100 to 120μm.
NOVA
Human skin penetration study results
Results generated from human skin studies, with data captured using Raman spectroscopy-based research instruments.
NE-Niacinamide shows broader, deeper mid-to-late distribution.

Study snapshots and supporting takeaways

Efficacy
In vitro efficacy covers anti-wrinkle, anti-glycation, antioxidant, and repair directions.

Safety
Patch test: all 30 subjects stayed at grade 0.
From partner companies

N1 Care
Brightening Serum

N1 Care
Radiance Face Cream

N1 Care
Scalp Nourishing Serum
NOVA